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: Social Exclusion and the Transition from School to Work: The Case of Young People Not in Education, Employment, or Training (NEET)
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Company/Organization: Social Exclusion and the Transition from School to Work: The Case of Young People Not in Education, Employment, or Training (NEET)
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United_Kingdom
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London
City:
London
Please write about your business concept in five paragraphs with sub-title for each
Answer: Briefly describe the usefulness and uniqueness of your social venture This article reports the result of analyzing longitudinal data, collected for a subsample of the 1970 British Birth Cohort Study surveyed at age 21, to model the relationship of NEET status to earlier educational achievement and circumstances and to assess the added difficulties NEET poses in relation to the building of adult identity capital. It is concluded that although poor educational achievement is the major factor in entering NEET, inner city living for boys and lack of parental interest in their education for girls are also important. For young men the consequences of NEET lie mainly in subsequent poor labor market experience. For young women, the majority of whom are teenage mothers, the damaging effects of NEET extend to the psychological domain as well. It is concluded that effective counseling targeted at high risk groups, along the lines of the new UK ConneXionsEservice, are needed to help young people avoid the damaging effects of NEET and make a successful transition to adult life. C 
1: Bynner and Parsons use identify capital framework to investigate causes and consequenses of NEET
1: Issues to be addressed by this social venture (or case) Bynner and Parsons uses the framework of identity capital comprising educational, social, and psychological resources is at a premium in entering and maintaining employment. One consequence is the extension of education and training while young people acquire the qualifications and skills that will enhance their employability. In accordance with the perspective of life span developmental psychology, this places particular pressure on those young people growing up in disadvantaged circumstances and lacking support, especially when attempting to negotiate the transition from school to work. A particular policy concern in Britain has been directed at those young people who leave full-time education at the minimum age of 16 and then spend a substantial period not in education, employment, or training (NEET).
2: They ask two questions
2: What is the unique idea to solve the issues? "First, what characterizes those who enter NEET? Are they the group who have simply failed to do well at school and therefore drop out of all organized activity at the first opportunity or are there other things that are distinctive about them which put them on an even weaker opportunity route? "

"Second, is the experience of NEET no more than a temporary staging post on a life course marred by disadvantage and failure or does the experience in itself constitute a disabling condition or identity capital deficit in its own right, making subsequent adjustment to the demands of adult life significantly more difficult?"

3: They use 1970 British Birth Cohort Study (BCS70) as a longitudinal data
3: Revenue Model & Organization
4: Explanatory variables to proximate identity capital
4: Targeted Benefit & Outcome Explanatary variables comprise

- physical characteristics (low birth weight),
- family circumstances at age 10 (including inner city neighborhood and receipt of state benefits and free school meals),
- cultural capital of the home (manual social class and parents showed little or no interest in cohort memberfs education),
- educational achievement (combined reading and math score at age 10 in the lowest quartile range, few hobbies of any kind at age 10, and no qualifications at age 16).

As for the consequenses, they chose:

- occupational and marital status,
- self-assessed physical health, mental health (as measured by the Malaise Inventory, Rutter et al., 1970, designed to assess depression), and
- self-appraisal of their mental states (fatalism, lack of a sense of control, dissatisfaction with life, life problems).

5: Cultural capital has an independent impact on NEET and NETT status has an independent impact on life outcomes
5: Strengths and Risks of the business model The largest determinat of the NEET status is the highest qualification (odds ratio of 0.32 for boys and 6.21 for girls). But for boys, innercity housing had a large effect (odds ratio of 3.84) and for girls family poverty matters (odds ration of 2.55).

People who was NEET at the age of 16 to 17 are 4.46 times more likely to be a NEET at the age of 21 than avarage cohort people. Similarly they are 3.23 times more likely to be depressed at the age of 21, and 1.73 times more likely to be in poor health. These results do not change, though with smaller magnitudes, when they calculate the regression with educational qualification as controlling variables. This means that the NEET status has an independent effect on their later life, in addiotion to the qualifications.

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